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Scruff app can be installed on your PC only when you have an Android Emulator like BlueStacks. If you don’t have it, simply follow below steps and start downloading BlueStacks.

• With the help of the link mentioned in this post, you can directly download BlueStacks Setup file.
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• Now launch the BlueStacks by syncing your Gmail account and this will enable you to access and playing of all Android apps like Scruff on your PC.

Installation of SCRUFF for PC on Windows 8.1/8.1/8/7/XP & Vista and Mac

• Open BlueStacks on your PC and on the search bar type Scruff. Then click on search play or press enter.
• Then you will see the Play Store which will open and it will show you Scruff app.
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• After the installation gets completed, click on open and start using the app.
• Else you can anytime play Scruff app on your PC by clicking on the shortcut key that will be created in All Apps option of BlueStacks.

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What about February 1st? This question no verb--152.163.100.74 02:17, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

The date header is added (as a level 1 header) to provide a navigational convenience by date. Please don't change it (and it is not a question). -- Rick Block(talk) 02:59, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

But if February 1st 'was' a question, what question would it be? Hmmmmm??? --Anonymous and silly, 04:05 UTC

"What is one half of the Ultimate Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything?" - 21! EWS23 | (Leave me a message!) 04:42, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I've never understood why we call our article that. What do we mean by "the answer to life" (etc)? Douglas Adams wrote about "The Answer to The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything". JackofOz 08:00, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I suppose you could suggest a pagename change to The Answer to The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything, which might be more correct. I'm not sure if a decision was made long ago to shorten the actual title, considering the bolding at the top of the page is identical to what you just quoted. Perhaps they decided to go with the shorter name and figured it didn't matter as long as all the redirects work properly. EWS23 | (Leave me a message!) 17:47, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

It seems more likely that the page was originally created with that title, and no-one ever got around to changing it. You could post a move request at WP:RM for it; I can think of no reason to oppose such a move. —Ilmari Karonen(talk) 21:34, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Thanks, I'll do that. Cheers JackofOz 00:57, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

As usual my memory doesn't serve me well, but thinking in the context of the story I'm pretty sure that the first mention of The Answer was just as The Ultimate Answer to Life.... It wasn't until they had the answer that they started looking for the question, and then they started talking about the answer not just as The Answer, but as The Answer to the Ultimate Question... (to emphasise the fact that the question was almost as important as the answer). That being said, the article is strange though, with the article space and the title different as it is.   freshgavin TALK    01:16, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Birth Control Pills[edit]

What would happen if a man took birth control pills for women? Would there be any kind of disruption of hormones?

• he might be able to get pregnant, for reference, please see the featured article Male Pregnancy, for more details--152.163.100.74 03:58, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Taking oral contraceptives would cause a disruption in hormones, particularly estrogen and progestin. While probably not identical to the doses used in oral contraceptives, the article on [Hormone Replacement Therapy for transgender-transsexual male-to-female] may be a good starting point for learning about the potential effects of a man taking BC pills on a long-term basis. --Uthbrian (talk) 04:03, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Of course it would "disrupt hormones". Birth control pills would suppress your gonadotropins, lower your testosterone level, raise your estrogen level, shrink your 'nads and grow you some mammaries. But it's your bod. alteripse 05:09, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I do remember this case report where some dude was drinking his girlfriends' urine (they all took the pill) and eventually presented at the hospital with gynecomastia. H. Vierhapper, P. Novotny, Lancet 1999, 353, 640. Pilatus 05:16, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Apparently many kg of excreted OCPs enter the water system of every major city each day. OCPs are the most pervasively detectable pharmaceutical agent in the environment. alteripse 05:24, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Splenda/Equal/Sweet+Low and Tooth Decay[edit]

Do Splenda, Equal, or Sweet and Low cause tooth decay like sugar?

Splenda = sucralose; Equal = aspartame; Sweet and Low = saccharine. So no, no, and no. - Nunh-huh 05:38, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Are you suggesting that they're not bad for the teeth because they're not sugars? That's a rather wild assumption. Anything synthetic (assuming that they are) is something that the body hasn't adapted to in evolution and is therefre likely to have some negative effect (possibly in the long run). Whether the teeth will be affected is a different matter, but assuming they won't is a bit of a stretch. DirkvdM 11:51, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

No, I'm stating that they don't "cause tooth decay like sugar". You (the one who doesn't know whether or not they are synthetic), are the one making wild inappropriate logical leaps here, not I. In the case of sucralose, there were a series of actual studies demonstrating it didn't cause tooth decay, which is the reason the FDA approved it. - Nunh-huh 13:43, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Dental caries has a nice gross picture. The synthetic sugars could rot other parts of your body, but the little bugs that chew on your teeth need natural sugars. --Zeizmic 13:08, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Decay-causing oral bacteria require sugars for their nutrition. Non-nutritive sweeteners such as Splenda do not provide nutrition-- either to humans or to oral bacteria; they do not promote tooth decay. Equal (aspartame) is, technically speaking, a nutritive sweetener-- but oral bacteria do not have the capability of metabolizing it, and it does not cause tooth decay. And Sweet 'N Low, while predominantly composed of sodium saccharin, also contains lactose, which is nutritive, but in such low amounts as to make it for all practical purposes non-nutritive and non-cariogenic (does not promote tooth decay).--Mark Bornfeld DDS 14:52, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

why eye focus changes light colour[edit]

When looking at certain light sources and changing the varying the focus of one's eyes, it is possible to notice a change in the percieved colour of the light. For example, a white light will appear yellow if underfocused (focal point behind source). What causes this phenomenon? -nshty mcnshterson 88.144.34.107 06:56, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I'm not an opthalmologist or any sort of eye expert whatsoever, so I can't give a good answer to your question. However, I just tried this myself, and I didn't notice any yellow at all. My experiment involved holding a small black plastic object close to my eye, focusing on it, with a white piece of paper behind it, unfocused. To me, the white paper remained white. The best answer I can give is that the yellow you are seeing is an afterimage of something else you may have looked at previously. However, I might be wrong. -- Daverocks (talk) 11:32, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I tried it too and didn't notice anything. I used a lightbulb as a source because you say 'certain light sources'. Which ones? I thought that maybe the soure has a yellow hue, but when the background is dark the contrast will make it appear as white. But of course that has nothing to do with fodus (has it?). Could you be more specific (also known here as "suitly emphazi") so we can reproduce the experiment more precisely? DirkvdM 11:58, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

There is something called spherical aberration which causes the outer edge of a lens to act like a prism. This might have something to do with it.

Astronomy[edit]

I am studying in 10th class in India and want to have a carreer in Astronomy. So please suggest want I should do next year.

Physics and maths, and make sure your English is good? enochlau (talk) 08:01, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

You can check the criteria for admissions into Indian Institute of Astrophysics from its official website. Also the Indian Space Research Organisation has several centres, you can go to the official ISRO site. Jay 09:59, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

See also, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Indian Institute of Science. They would all have good Astronomy departments. But right now, focus on Physics and Maths. deeptrivia (talk) 14:14, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

In India, you cant specialize in Astronomy at this early stage. It would be a good idea to do your 11th and 12ths with Physics, Chemistry and Maths. That way you'll be eligible for all Engineering and Physics courses for the undergrads. I'm a final year Physics Undergrad from India, I'll specialize in Condensed Matter Physics. But, as far as I can see, I still have the option of going into Astronomy open. So, doing a B.Sc. with a Physics major might be an option for you? Where are you from?--Sayanchak 16:12, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Remember that while popular consumer astronomy is all the pretty visual pictures of the heavens, real astronomy includes radar and other non-visual aspects of the electromagnetic spectrum. Many nations are active in space. Is India one of them? User:AlMac|^(talk) 01:20, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Yes, it is. See Indian space program. That said, they are different fields with only a certain degree of overlap. --Robert Merkel 11:23, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Keyframes in video[edit]

Q :What is importance of keyframe in video encoding? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by202.138.120.37 (talk • contribs) .

(heading inserted) enochlau (talk) 08:01, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

According to the article Key frame: in video compression, a key frame is a frame encoded without reference to any images in another frame.

So, one advantage of key frame is that it prevents encoding errors from accummulating over time. It kinda has a "refresh" effect in terms of video quality. The trade-off is that more data bits are required to encode that frame. I'm not sure if there are any other advantages. --Vsion 11:29, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Keyframes also make seeking faster, since the player doesn't need to process all frames before the current frame to find out the state of it. With keyframes evenly spaced, you'd just need to start seeking from last keyframe up. ? ?ieff?? 12:40, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

A little clarification to help you understand the above answers. Most frames (in mpeg, anyway) are defined in terms of other frames. Oversimplified, if a piece of the image doesn't change from one frame to the next, you don't need to record it twice but just say 'do that again'. But since video is real-time, keeping up with the tempo is more important than getting the image exactly right. So errors are allowed. If you wouldn't 'reset' every now and then you'd get an ever increasingly garbled image. By the way, lossless compression like mjpeg is better for video editing because it has all the frames complete (it's a sequence of complete jpeg images), so you can create a cut at any frame, not just a key frame. The big drawback is that it requires much bigger files. DirkvdM 12:41, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

One quibble: I really doubt that MJPEG is lossless, as it's based on JPEG which is lossy. rspeer / ???ds? 20:20, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Doctor advice[edit]

Okay, let's say your a doctor and a teenage girl is having seisures, what sort of stuff would you do to find out what is wrong? Blood tests? X Rays?

Take her to a doctor who doesn't need to ask the Wikipedia reference desk for advice :) — QuantumEleven | (talk) 12:17, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

It depends. If you are seeing her have a seizure in front of you, you can see what kind of seizure it is, and treat it if needed. On the other hand, if she comes into your office and tells you she has been having seizures, you discuss what kind of seizures they were, with her and with anyone who may have seen her having an actual seizure; you discuss her medical history, and perhaps her family history. A physical and neurological examination is in order. Blood tests might be useful, but in the absence of a severe electrolyte abnormality, they are not likely to determine a cause for seizures. A CT-scan or MRI of the brain might be of use; an EEG might be of use, but the first step is a good history of the illness: determining if the illness is actually seizures or something else, and if so, what type of seizure (e.g. generalized or partial) they may be. - Nunh-huh 12:19, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for your help Nunh huh, but QuantumEleven, I'm not a doctor, I'm just very interested, I'm 13, might be more careful how you answer

I apologise - my remark was flippant and didn't really help to answer your question. Next time, I'll keep my mouth shut, or at least say something constructive... — QuantumEleven | (talk) 13:02, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Take a look at our article on seizures. There are several possible causes that must be analyzed. ? ?ieff?? 12:36, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I tend to agree with the flippant advice, if this is one of those 'my friend has this' situations. If you have witnessed a seizure of a young friend (or yourself), it is not 'ratting' to talk to an adult, or to see a doctor. --Zeizmic 13:18, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

And talking to an adult might be especially important if you think she might be using drugs or unprescribed medicine, as that is certainly a potential cause of seizures in a young adult. - Nunh-huh 14:02, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I think QuantumEleven was just making a joke, maybe not in very good taste, but i thought it was mildly amusing when I saw the :) at the end.

Woah, woah woah, I don't have a friend or anything with this problem, I'm just interested because I'm a teenager and I'm doing RPGs on doctor stuff and I'm interested in what would help recover or find out what is wrong

I don't believe the first priority would be blood tests or x-rays, though a doctor might do some of that too. You'd probably suspect that the subject became epileptic due to some sort of trauma (like smashing your head on a sink) and so you'd want to look into the brain (like a brain MRI or EEG) to see if you can find something wrong, as well as asking if the patient had smashed her head into a sink in the last white (or something like that). I'm not sure but I don't think a doctor can be 100% sure of their analysis unless they actually scan a seizure event. There are other causes but that's by far the most common, I'd say.   freshgavin TALK    01:09, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Did you look up seizure and epilepsy? You will find most of your answers there. First of all, the doctor would need to determine that the "seizure" was in fact an actual seizure (and not syncope or a pseudoseizure for example). An EEG could help confirm that there had been a recent seizure. Blood tests would be useful to determine if there was a metabolic disorder causing the seizures (for example, renal failure, hypoglycemia, etc.). A CT scan or MRI could determine if there was a structural cause (eg. a brain tumor) for the seizure. Cybergoth 03:30, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Statistics on Computer Science degrees[edit]

Where's the best place to start looking for statistics about how many people have received degrees in computer science (BSc, MSc, PhD, etc.) per year since, say, the 1980s? --Fastfission 12:55, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

• Actually... nevermind! I found this page just after posting this. --Fastfission 12:57, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Sneeze[edit]

Why do adults sneeze so much louder compared to children, or compared to when they were younger? It seems to get louder as one gets older. Thanks. 69.234.27.124 13:59, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Possibly because the average size of the lungs, sinuses, etc. is larger would be my guess.... Dismas|^(talk) 14:10, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Though this counts as original research, I think that since adults tend to try to 'hold in' sneezes it actually amplifies the effect of the sneeze; holding it in can build up the 'explosive force' of the sneeze. Me on the other hand, I rarely ever lose control of my sneezes and I can hold them in quite easily, and it still feels almost as good as an orgasm!   freshgavin TALK    23:43, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I wonder what the religious right would make of that. Should you go to hell? Or is it okay if you and your nose are of different genders? Black Carrot 05:38, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Alternative to organ donation?[edit]

Am I right in saying that the biotechnology of cloning is now advanced far enough to be able to take an individual's cell sample and grow up a new organ, eg heart, liver, lung etc. If so, both donor and recipient would be histocompatible. This therefore potentially solves the problem of looking for donor organs, and the drudgery of renal dialysis for kidney failure patients etc. Or, is this type of human organ cloning currently illegal in the UK ?

You can grow cell samples in culture but that's a long way from growing complete organs. I think the only way to get a complex organ like a heart or lung is to grow a whole human being in a woman's womb. —Keenan Pepper 15:28, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

The chances are that people are working hard on this and that it will one day be possible. The rewards (both financial and medical) are enormous, so billions will be spent on research. I wouldn't count on much in less than 10-20 years, except for skin (a really important organ: think of burn victims). I suspect livers will come among the first. Other internal organs later; limbs after that. Brain cells are the really interesting one. Even if illegal, that isn't really relevant: if research is legal anywhere it will take place, then there would be huge public pressure to make it legal so people can get their new bits. Notinasnaid 17:12, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

You might be interested in this recent article from the Washington Post. Among other things, it mentions the possibility of growing entire human organs inside other animals. However, this (and almost everything that is in that article) has at least some sort of moral debate attached to it that might slow down research, especially in the United States. - EWS23 | (Leave me a message!) 17:58, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

This is one of the reasons that research into stem cells is so popular at the moment, because they are the undifferentiated cells that, given the right signals in the embryo, turn themselves into the various organs. Of course, there are ethical dimensions that send certain parts of the population into a tizzy. --Robert Merkel 00:09, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Ah, given the right signals in the embryo. That's what I wanted to say. How the cells differentiate is determined by their biological surroundings and for that you'd need almost a complete human (or animal as EWS23 says - didn't know that). Well, almost complete. I've heard about the solution of growing a human clone without a brain, which thereofore has no conscience and there wouldn't be any moral problems (...) with 'harvesting organs. But I see one big problem here (correct me if I'm wrong - I am by no means an expert). To avoid rejection you'd want to have as close a relative as possible, in other words, preferably a clone of yourself. But then, when some accident happens and you need an organ you can't usually wait for that to grow. And cloning everyone at birth, just in case, would be a bit too much (for now, anyway). So it might only be used for people with some medical problem that will probably require a transplant later in life. DirkvdM 13:06, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Starting PHP[edit]

Hi,

I want to start learning PHP, but I have a couple of questions that I have not been able to find answers to:

• Can I use PHP as a stand-alone programming language on my computer? That is, do I need a server and database and stuff, or can I first program something on my computer (windows and mac) and then move it online?
• (Related) Would I have to change my program if I moved it to a different type of server or database program?

Thanks! --Mary

PHP is a pretty good interpretted language in itself. You can run PHP scripts, just the way you run any other script. And they wont need to be changed, when you decide to switch to GNU/Linux for example.--Sayanchak 16:01, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Thanks. What if I want to develop a website which will eventually need a server, database and all that. Can I still just program it right in my computer, without access to an online database? --Mary

You can program it, but you can't test it locally if you don't have a database. Of course, you could always install a database (such as MySQL) locally along with Apache. --Pidgeot(t)(c)(e) 18:53, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Running PHP locally can be done by installing a web server like Apache, which is free. If you are using a Mac with OSX, it already is installed. Basically.. install Apache; install PHP; install MySQL (or whatever database you want). All are free and all can be run from your home computer.

As for portability: it depends on the setup of the server. Each installation of PHP can have different settings. If the settings are the same, programs can be transferred without any difficulty. If they aren't, then you will have problems. An easy way to see the settings is to install PHP and then create a file called "info.php" which contains just the following line: <?php phpinfo(); ?>

It will output a page like this: http://www.entropy.ch/software/macosx/php/test.php

The most important settings are to make sure that any libraries you need (i.e., the GD library for image processing, or the PDF library for PDF-related functions) are installed. There are some other issues too (i.e. whether variables passed to a script through a GET protocol are immediately available or whether they have to be assigned from $GET) but at this point you shouldn't worry about them. Long story short: it can be portable, but it might need some tweaking. If the project you are working on requires a specific optional function library, make sure the server you are intending it for will support that.

Hope that helps a bit. --Fastfission 20:04, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

New scientific article[edit]

I'm in the process of hammering out a new article - Remotely triggered earthquakes. Does anybody have the same writer's block that I do? It takes me forever to start. I hammer things out directly on-line, then I format, and wikify, add outside sources, and then add links from other articles. Once I do it, it's fine, but it's just getting in to it that is so difficult. --Zeizmic 17:20, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

A little help ... same for me!

(Note to Firefox users: There is a useful toolbar just for editing wiki pages.)

I open as many pages as I need for references + the Help:Editing page. I save once or twice to have the idea and read again (misspellings appear easily in a different font!)

What I suggest is a search feature in the edit forms! Good luck! Take care! --DLL 20:24, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

It's very common for writers and composers to shrink from the act of sitting down and committing their ideas to paper. Having great ideas is one thing, but the spectre of having to write all those words/notes is most unattractive. So just getting started is often a huge challenge (it is for me). That first word is often the hardest of all. The good news is that this barrier can be overcome by writing - one word. JackofOz 20:33, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I periodically print out the pages I am working on. I circle words and phrases in different colored pens to indicate links found, what should be linked but not yet found article that matches that phraseology, right topic different naming, etc. User:AlMac|^(talk) 21:32, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

SKIN DISEASE[edit]

There's a skin disease that makes a person's skin lihter. It literally can change a black skin into a white skin. It perhaps also makes the skin extremely sensitive to the sun light. What is this disease called? Scientific name and other please.

Vitiligo? —Ilmari Karonen(talk) 17:32, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Exactly what I was going to post. Michael Jackson claims that's why his skin is lighter than it used to be. User:Zoe|^(talk) 17:34, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

He also claims that it's not so strange that he's white (and his kids are white) because African-americans are sometimes called colored people because that they come in many different colors, and by his reckoning, white!   freshgavin TALK    05:35, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Albinism is another condition you might be interested in. It's a lack of pigmentation in the eyes, skin and hair. However, it's much more of a genetic thing and a lot rarer than vitiligo, but still worth a look at. -- Daverocks (talk) 09:47, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

And it doesn't start developing when you become famous either!   freshgavin TALK    10:05, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Nope, it doesn't. Therefore Michael Jackson is not affected by it. -- Daverocks (talk) 06:03, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

"Michael Jackson is the ultimate example of social mobility in America; he started life as a poor black boy and ended up a rich white woman. He still likes to play with little boys, however." StuRat 00:45, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

How do you know it's bedtime at Michael Jackson's house? When the big hand touches the little hand. Black Carrot 05:36, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

They would be lucky if only their hands were touched. StuRat 15:34, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Brain and Food[edit]

When you are getting ready to eat a piece of pizza describe in detail what parts of the brain are involved and why?

"Do your own homework - if you need help with a specific part or concept of your homework, feel free to ask, but please do not post entire homework questions and expect us to give you the answers." Please review the instructions at the top of the page. To start on answering your question, I'd suggest reviewing our article on the human brain and following links from there. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 18:51, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Sorry for the inconvience,this does not pertain to homework. I am a late thirty's, father of four and this was the topic at our dinner table while eating pizza last night. I was trying to get some insite in order to discuss this further with my inquisitive eight year old son whom asked the question.

Lol. There's a lot of these homework accusations flying around, although I must say it did smack of a homework question! Sorry I can't help... --Username132 23:23, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Let's see. In order to pick up the pizza and get it to your mouth, you have to process the image from your eyes and recognize it as pizza, which involves the visual cortex. Then you have to actually pick it up, which involves using your motor cortex to send signals to your muscles.

When you smell the pizza, the amazingly complex olfactory system sends a signal, perhaps through the amygdala and the parasympathetic nervous system, which eventually gets to your salivary glands and tells them to start making saliva. The parasympathetic nervous system also tells your stomach to start making acid and the smooth muscles of your intestines to get ready to digest the pizza.

After you've used your motor cortex to tell your jaw muscles to chew the pizza, your medulla oblongata kicks in with the swallowing reflex. I'm sure I've missed quite a lot of things, but you get the picture. —Keenan Pepper 00:01, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Apart from the obvious motor activity involved in eating, there is the complex interplay between endocrine and neural function that is behaviorally expressed as hunger and satiety. Various sensory and endocrine parameters (e.g., visual and olfactory input, blood glucose and insulin levels, degree of stomach distension, levels of hormonal peptides such as gastrin, and cholecystekinin) are translated by the hypothalamus into either a sensation of hunger (attributed to the lateral hypothalamus) or satiety (the ventromedial hypothalamus). Of course, all the sensory input is also conveyed through its own pathways, which include the thalamus and the sensory cortex as well.--Mark Bornfeld DDS 00:55, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Providing Oxygen To Domestic Boilers[edit]

How is it ensured that enough air gets into a domestic boiler for gas to burn with a blue flame, whilst at the same time heat loss is minimised? --Username132 19:40, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Hi 132 - I'd guess the important factor is to have a good heat exchanger on the exit flue, so that all the heat produced is transferred to the water pipes - MPF 20:28, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Ok, for sure this is homework! I actually love it when the originator comes back and denies it. Shows that we have reached out and touched someone. That said, this is really the most classic combustion engineering problem, and is a major engineering challenge in designing clean EPA wood stoves. I looked it up because I want to buy one... --Zeizmic 21:55, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Well, sure enough here I am, and you're right, I deny it! I'm a student at Durham University reading Biomedical Science and we don't actually do much combustion engineering, at least not in the third year! (just curious) Thanks, though! --Username132 23:19, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

CSS/JS table hiding[edit]

I am exporting a database to an HTML file in the form of tables. The basic structure will be something like this:

and so forth. What I want is to create a little button or something which will cause the data to be shown or hidden via Javascript. I assume this will involve setting some sort of DIV tag or something on the fly. I once knew how to do this but now I'm not so sure.

Any tips as to where to start? If you give me a basic area to pursue I'm happy to do the research on my own. I don't think this should be too difficult but the details elude me. --Fastfission 20:48, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I use this stock code:

Then you just make your table id="table" and use the js function DisplayTable() to hide/show. ? ?ieff?? 20:57, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Bar of Tungsten[edit]

Where could i get a free sample of Tungsten? Or even one for a very low price as it would be very helpful for my A Level physics project in which i am investigating Tungsten.

The guy who created this website has acquired a number of samples of tungsten over the years. They vary quite a bit in terms of size, shape, purity, and cost, but might give you some ideas—he's listed his sources for most of them. Depending on what you're planning to do, you might be able to beg or borrow a sample from a local university materials science or metallurgy department. TenOfAllTrades(talk) 22:12, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

A metal dealer should be able to supply that for you, and quite possibly for free, if it's a small enough amount. Given that they usually trade in rather large amounts, it'd may not be worth their while to bill you for it. On the other hand, it's a rather expensive element, currently running $260 per MTU, (Metric Ton Unit) which is a mere 10 kg of WO₃, and even less in terms of pure tungsten. --BluePlatypus 22:17, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Could you explain what an MTU is? We don't seem to have an article on it. —Keenan Pepper 22:50, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

It's here, and it's 1000kg.   freshgavin TALK    23:39, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

That doesn't make sense. How can a metric ton be 10 kilograms? —Keenan Pepper 00:11, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

I think what Blueplatypus is trying to say is that you can buy some industrial product (I'm not sure what) for $260 per 1000kg, and from that you can extract 10kg of WO₃, and less than 10kg of tungsten. You wouldn't really be paying $260 just for the tungsten... though I'm not sure why he mentioned that figure. I don't know how easily tungsten can be obtained in a pure form though.   freshgavin TALK    00:56, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Tungsten is measured in Metric Ton Units of tungsten trioxide. In this context is actually 1% of a metric ton (quite misleading!), that is 10 kg of WO₃. So only 7.93 kg of actual tungsten. Google for "Metric Ton Unit tungsten" or similar. --BluePlatypus 02:09, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Edit confliect! I was just going to say that. In particular I suggest looking at Russ Rowlett's excellent dictionary of units of measurement. A "metric ton unit" is simply 10 kg, and it has that name because it's the amount of metal you can extract from a metric ton of ore if the ore contains 1% metal! (I am not making this up.) --Anonymous, February 2, 2006, 02:13 UTC

If you want a (very small) free sample of tungsten, smash a domestic light bulb—the filament is made out of tungsten. Physchim62(talk) 02:27, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

What the hell : (. What could the benifit be of using such a unit? (And giving it such a confusing name.) Why don't they just admit that if you have a metric ton/tonne of ore, and the metal content is 1%, you can extract 1% of 1 ton/tonne of metal (e.g. 0.01 tons/tonnes)?   freshgavin TALK    05:33, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

• The straightforward way is to order from a fine chemical supplier. Aldrich and Strem are the best known; depending on which country you live in there may be others. They sell the material in all shapes (powder, wire, sheet and bar). Be warned, though that the stuff is expensive. It's also brittle and highly refractory and thus difficult to work. Pilatus 05:37, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Myspace Music Help[edit]

For some reason, my settings on firefox will not allow me to access MySpace Music (http://music.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=music). It also won;t allow me to access it on Internet Explorer. Can anyone help? I will be able to provide answers to any questions that could help solve this. Thanks M@$+@Ju ~ ? 21:47, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I can access it ok. If it's both browsers, it might be some ad blocker, or a firewall somewhere along the line. You accessing it from work or home? enochlau (talk) 23:19, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

From home, and I don't think it's an ad blocker issue, because I keep a pretty tight watch on that. I'm wondering if my browser's security settings might be to blame, because once I turned off SSL 2.0, TLS 1.0, and SSL 3.0 (all of which are currently ON), and I was able to see a banner, but not the main page. Much thanks if that helps you figure out my problem. M@$+@Ju ~ ? 23:38, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

If you're unable to access it properly with either browser, I'd say it's probably a problem outside of the browser settings. But I don't really know what it could be. If you can access other websites successfully, then there's no reason why MySpace Music shouldn't work, unless it tried connecting through a different port which might be blocked, which is unlikely to be possible unless some plugin is doing it... I'm rambling now, ignore me. :) By the way, SSL and TLS aren't firewalls or anything like that, they just encrypt the data you send on secure websites (like online banking), and MySpace Music clearly is not a secure (HTTPS) site, like most websites. -- Daverocks (talk) 09:59, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

It is a strange prediciment, but thanks for trying guys. It's not too big of a deal I guess, but it would be nice to know what the problem was. Thanks. M@$+@Ju ~ ? 20:23, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

What is a feeling of apprehinsion tension or uneasiness that stems from antcipation of danger, the source of which largely unknown or unrecongnized[edit]

Paranoia? —Keenan Pepper 23:31, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Spider-sense!   freshgavin TALK    23:36, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Isn't it "spidey sense" ? StuRat 00:41, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Anxiety. Frencheigh 23:43, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

According to the American Phychiatric Glossary (via Google books; direct links there won't work, right?), anxiety is "Apprehension, tension or aneasiness from anticipation of danger, the source of which is largely unknown or unrecognized." Frencheigh 02:13, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

The word is dread, folks. alteripse 00:30, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

I'd say that 'dread' is usually associated with a known fear, e.g. I dread the day I have to leave home. As an unknown sense I think plain anxiety or paranoia makes more sense.   freshgavin TALK    00:49, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

What about "foreboding" or "disquiet"? JackofOz 00:54, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

According to admittedly hoary information from my behavior pathology class 33 years ago, the distinction between fear and anxiety is that fear is attached to a particular idea or object, while anxiety was a generalized, free-floating state of arousal/agitation unattached to any specific object. It is a sensation that is described as ego-alien, or something that is perceived as unpleasant and acknowledged as abnormal by the subject. As for paranoia, that is a completely different situation-- an ego-syntonic (perceived by the subject as factual and real) delusional perception of persecution, and a symptom of psychosis.--Mark Bornfeld DDS 01:13, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

• Howabout 'forboding? M-W.com: "to have an inward conviction of (as coming ill or misfortune)".--Fastfission 01:21, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

(already suggested - see above)

Speaking existentially, anguish or angst? Or existential despair? Sum0 15:23, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

I am surprised that nobody has yet mentioned sense of impendingdoom. 217.208.26.85 23:54, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

English Convention for Titling Subjects[edit]

I was wondering what the reasoning is behind using uppercase for the first letters of most words, and lowercase for words like of, the, and...? --Username132 23:52, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

This question really belongs on the Wikipedia:Reference desk/Language page. JackofOz 23:54, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

I find that the more uppercase there is, the harder it is to read quickly. So why capitalize totally unimportant words and just make the title harder to read? It doesn't draw attention to anything important to capitalize Of. — Laura Scudder☎ 00:01, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

For those of us whose eyesight had a hard time distinguishing between a period and a comma, the capital letter at the start of a sentence is a good backup. User:AlMac|^(talk) 01:25, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Check out Capitalization#How to capitalise - there are many different styles of capitalising headings and titles, and which one you use depends on your personal preference, house style, country and more. On Wikipedia, we set up a 'house style' for capitalising headings and titles, read all about it in Wikipedia:Capitalization#Headings and Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings). — QuantumEleven | (talk) 08:50, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

What do you mean by 'capitalisation of most words'. Just read the prose here and you'll see that only one in about 20 words or so are capitalised. DirkvdM 13:30, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Although it wasn't stated in the posted question, the section heading for this question mentions that this question refers to Titles. Johntex\^talk 18:13, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

extacation of caffeine from coffee[edit]

the chemistry experiment extraction of caffeine from coffee. after using the separating funnel for extraction why do we discard the dark brown aqeous layer in the funnel

From the Caffeine article:

Caffeine will migrate to the solvent in which it is most soluble, and it is more soluble in chloroform than water. —Keenan Pepper 00:05, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

The maths are in Partition coefficient. Pilatus 06:37, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

• Damn, we just used benzoic acid when our lab did it, removing caffeine from coffee should be considered a federal crime, decaf... *shudders*--64.12.116.74 00:07, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Music of the Spheres[edit]

Do planets like earth make different sound vibrations,like harmonic sound?

Have a look at our article Musica universalis. JackofOz 00:48, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Johannes Kepler used to believe in this stuff. He actually published it in 1619, in the same book in which he postulated his third law. Titoxd^{(?!? - help us)} 01:19, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Sound is vibration of air. Lack of air around planets means there is no sound. Audible sound has frequencies between 20 and 20.000 Hz. Planetary movements are much slower. Of course you could take the various cyclic planetary motions, speed them up to our audible range and play that on a synth. I've once heard the sound of trees in a BBC documentary, which was recorded and then speeded up to make it audible. It was almost rhythmical (except there was no regular beat). DirkvdM 13:35, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

The earth does vibrate, at frequencies too low to hear [1]. Sadly though, "this sound is not particularly pleasant or enlightening - in fact it sounds like a bored person banging a garbage bin lid very loudly." Mark¹ 15:47, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

All the scientists made a mistake; it is a bored person banging a garbage bin lid very loudly.   freshgavin TALK    04:20, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Avian Influenza genus and species[edit]

After researching for the genus and species of Avian Influenza, I am not sure if I have found the correct answer. The information I have found does not list the genus and species together. I have found that the genus is Influenza A, but not the species. Avian Influenza I have found is commonly referred to as H5N1 and is considered a sub type of Influenza A. Would the correct list of genus and species for Avian Influenza be Influenza A H5N1?

00:46, 2 February 2006 (UTC) 24.15.160.72 00:49, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

See H5N1 and Influenzavirus A

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