Diablo 2 Awesome Torrent Archives

BitTorrent (abbreviated to BT) is a communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P), that enables users to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet in a decentralized manner.

BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files; such as, digital video files containing TV shows and video clips, or digital audio files containing songs. P2P networks have been estimated to, collectively, account for approximately 43% to 70% of all Internet traffic (depending on location), as of February&#;^[update].^[2] In February , BitTorrent was responsible for % of all worldwide bandwidth—more than half of the 6% of total bandwidth dedicated to file sharing.^[3]. In , BitTorrent was a dominant file sharing protocol and one of the applications that generate greater traffic on the Internet, with % of downstream, and % of upstream traffic.^[4]

To send or receive files, a person uses a BitTorrent client, on their Internet-connected computer. A BitTorrent client is a computer program that implements the BitTorrent protocol. Popular clients include μTorrent, Xunlei Thunder,^[5][6]Transmission, qBittorrent, Vuze, Deluge, BitComet and Tixati. BitTorrent trackers, provide a list of files available for transfer and allow the client to find peer users, known as "seeds", who may transfer the files.

Programmer Bram Cohen, a University at Buffalo alumni,^[7] designed the protocol in April , and released the first available version on 2 July ^[8] as of June&#;^[update], the most recent version was implemented in ^[1] BitTorrent clients are available for a variety of computing platforms and operating systems, including an official client released by BitTorrent, Inc.

As of ^[update], BitTorrent has 15–27&#;million, concurrent users, at any time.^[9] As of January&#;^[update], BitTorrent is utilized by million active users. Based on this figure, the total number of monthly users, may be estimated to more than a quarter of a billion (≈ million).^[10] Torrenting may sometimes be limited by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), on legal or copyright grounds. In turn, users may choose to run seedboxes or Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), as an alternative.

Animation of protocol use: The colored dots beneath each computer in the animation represent different parts of the file being shared. By the time a copy to a destination computer of each of those parts completes, a copy to another destination computer of that part (or other parts) is already taking place between users.

Description[edit]

The middle computer is acting as a "seed" to provide a file to the other computers which act as peers.

The BitTorrent protocol can be used to reduce the server and network impact of distributing large files. Rather than downloading a file from a single source server, the BitTorrent protocol allows users to join a "swarm" of hosts to upload to/download from each other simultaneously. The protocol is an alternative to the older single source, multiple mirror sources technique for distributing data, and can work effectively over networks with lower bandwidth. Using the BitTorrent protocol, several basic computers, such as home computers, can replace large servers while efficiently distributing files to many recipients. This lower bandwidth usage also helps prevent large spikes in internet traffic in a given area, keeping internet speeds higher for all users in general, regardless of whether or not they use the BitTorrent protocol.

The first release of the Bittorrent client had no search engine and no peer exchange, so users who wanted to upload a file had to create a small torrent descriptor file that they would upload to a torrent index site. The first uploader acted as a seed, and downloaders would initially connect as peers (see diagram on the right). Those who wish to download the file would download the torrent which their client would use to connect to tracker which had a list of the IP addresses of other seeds and peers in the swarm. Once a peer completed a download of the complete file, it could in turn function as a seed.

The file being distributed is divided into segments called pieces. As each peer receives a new piece of the file, it becomes a source (of that piece) for other peers, relieving the original seed from having to send that piece to every computer or user wishing a copy. With BitTorrent, the task of distributing the file is shared by those who want it; it is entirely possible for the seed to send only a single copy of the file itself, and eventually distribute to an unlimited number of peers. Each piece is protected by a cryptographic hash contained in the torrent descriptor.^[1] This ensures that any modification of the piece can be reliably detected, and thus prevents both accidental and malicious modifications of any of the pieces received at other nodes. If a node starts with an authentic copy of the torrent descriptor, it can verify the authenticity of the entire file it receives.

Pieces are typically downloaded non-sequentially, and are rearranged into the correct order by the BitTorrent client, which monitors which pieces it needs, and which pieces it has and can upload to other peers. Pieces are of the same size throughout a single download (for example a 10&#;MB file may be transmitted as ten 1&#;MB pieces or as forty &#;KB pieces). Due to the nature of this approach, the download of any file can be halted at any time and be resumed at a later date, without the loss of previously downloaded information, which in turn makes BitTorrent particularly useful in the transfer of larger files. This also enables the client to seek out readily available pieces and download them immediately, rather than halting the download and waiting for the next (and possibly unavailable) piece in line, which typically reduces the overall time of the download. This eventual transition from peers to seeders determines the overall "health" of the file (as determined by the number of times a file is available in its complete form).

The distributed nature of BitTorrent can lead to a flood-like spreading of a file throughout many peer computer nodes. As more peers join the swarm, the likelihood of a successful download by any particular node increases. Relative to traditional Internet distribution schemes, this permits a significant reduction in the original distributor's hardware and bandwidth resource costs. Distributed downloading protocols in general provide redundancy against system problems, reduce dependence on the original distributor,^[11] and provide sources for the file which are generally transient and therefore there is no single point of failure as in one way server-client transfers.

Operation[edit]

A BitTorrent client is capable of preparing, requesting, and transmitting any type of computer file over a network, using the protocol. Up until , the only way to share files was by creating a small text file called a "torrent". These files contain metadata about the files to be shared and the trackers which keep track of the other seeds and peers. Users that want to download the file first obtain a torrent file for it, and connect to the tracker or seeds. In , first Vuze and then the BitTorrent client introduced distributed tracking using distributed hash tables which allowed clients to exchange data on swarms directly without the need for a torrent file. In , peer exchange functionality was added allowing clients to add peers based on the data found on connected nodes.

Though both ultimately transfer files over a network, a BitTorrent download differs from a one way server-client download (as is typical with an HTTP or FTP request, for example) in several fundamental ways:

• BitTorrent makes many small data requests over different IP connections to different machines, while server-client downloading is typically made via a single TCP connection to a single machine.
• BitTorrent downloads in a random or in a "rarest-first"^[12] approach that ensures high availability, while classic downloads are sequential.

Taken together, these differences allow BitTorrent to achieve much lower cost to the content provider, much higher redundancy, and much greater resistance to abuse or to "flash crowds" than regular server software. However, this protection, theoretically, comes at a cost: downloads can take time to rise to full speed because it may take time for enough peer connections to be established, and it may take time for a node to receive sufficient data to become an effective uploader. This contrasts with regular downloads (such as from an HTTP server, for example) that, while more vulnerable to overload and abuse, rise to full speed very quickly, and maintain this speed throughout. In the beginning, BitTorrent's non-contiguous download methods made it harder to support "streaming playback". In , the client Popcorn Time allowed for streaming of BitTorrent video files. Since then, more and more clients are offering streaming options.

Search queries[edit]

The BitTorrent protocol provides no way to index torrent files. As a result, a comparatively small number of websites have hosted a large majority of torrents, many linking to copyrighted works without the authorization of copyright holders, rendering those sites especially vulnerable to lawsuits.^[13] A BitTorrent index is a "list of .torrent files, which typically includes descriptions" and information about the torrent's content.^[14] Several types of websites support the discovery and distribution of data on the BitTorrent network. Public torrent-hosting sites such as The Pirate Bay allow users to search and download from their collection of torrent files. Users can typically also upload torrent files for content they wish to distribute. Often, these sites also run BitTorrent trackers for their hosted torrent files, but these two functions are not mutually dependent: a torrent file could be hosted on one site and tracked by another unrelated site. Private host/tracker sites operate like public ones except that they may restrict access to registered users and may also keep track of the amount of data each user uploads and downloads, in an attempt to reduce "leeching".

Web search engines allow the discovery of torrent files that are hosted and tracked on other sites; examples include The Pirate Bay, Torrentz, isoHunt and BTDigg. These sites allow the user to ask for content meeting specific criteria (such as containing a given word or phrase) and retrieve a list of links to torrent files matching those criteria. This list can often be sorted with respect to several criteria, relevance (seeders-leechers ratio) being one of the most popular and useful (due to the way the protocol behaves, the download bandwidth achievable is very sensitive to this value). Metasearch engines allow one to search several BitTorrent indices and search engines at once.

The Tribler BitTorrent client was among the first to incorporate built-in search capabilities. With Tribler, users can find .torrent files held by random peers and taste buddies.^[15] It adds such an ability to the BitTorrent protocol using a gossip protocol, somewhat similar to the eXeem network which was shut down in The software includes the ability to recommend content as well. After a dozen downloads, the Tribler software can roughly estimate the download taste of the user, and recommend additional content.^[16]

In May , researchers at Cornell University published a paper proposing a new approach to searching a peer-to-peer network for inexact strings,^[17] which could replace the functionality of a central indexing site. A year later, the same team implemented the system as a plugin for Vuze called Cubit^[18] and published a follow-up paper reporting its success.^[19]

A somewhat similar facility but with a slightly different approach is provided by the BitComet client through its "Torrent Exchange"^[20] feature. Whenever two peers using BitComet (with Torrent Exchange enabled) connect to each other they exchange lists of all the torrents (name and info-hash) they have in the Torrent Share storage (torrent files which were previously downloaded and for which the user chose to enable sharing by Torrent Exchange). Thus each client builds up a list of all the torrents shared by the peers it connected to in the current session (or it can even maintain the list between sessions if instructed).

At any time the user can search into that Torrent Collection list for a certain torrent and sort the list by categories. When the user chooses to download a torrent from that list, the .torrent file is automatically searched for (by info-hash value) in the DHT Network and when found it is downloaded by the querying client which can after that create and initiate a downloading task.

Downloading torrents and sharing files[edit]

Users find a torrent of interest on a torrent index site or by using a search engine built into the client, download it, and open it with a BitTorrent client. The client connects to the tracker(s) or seeds specified in the torrent file, from which it receives a list of seeds and peers currently transferring pieces of the file(s). The client connects to those peers to obtain the various pieces. If the swarm contains only the initial seeder, the client connects directly to it, and begins to request pieces. Clients incorporate mechanisms to optimize their download and upload rates.

The effectiveness of this data exchange depends largely on the policies that clients use to determine to whom to send data. Clients may prefer to send data to peers that send data back to them (a "tit for tat" exchange scheme), which encourages fair trading. But strict policies often result in suboptimal situations, such as when newly joined peers are unable to receive any data because they don't have any pieces yet to trade themselves or when two peers with a good connection between them do not exchange data simply because neither of them takes the initiative. To counter these effects, the official BitTorrent client program uses a mechanism called "optimistic unchoking", whereby the client reserves a portion of its available bandwidth for sending pieces to random peers (not necessarily known good partners, so called preferred peers) in hopes of discovering even better partners and to ensure that newcomers get a chance to join the swarm.^[21]

Although "swarming" scales well to tolerate "flash crowds" for popular content, it is less useful for unpopular or niche market content. Peers arriving after the initial rush might find the content unavailable and need to wait for the arrival of a "seed" in order to complete their downloads. The seed arrival, in turn, may take long to happen (this is termed the "seeder promotion problem"). Since maintaining seeds for unpopular content entails high bandwidth and administrative costs, this runs counter to the goals of publishers that value BitTorrent as a cheap alternative to a client-server approach. This occurs on a huge scale; measurements have shown that 38% of all new torrents become unavailable within the first month.^[22] A strategy adopted by many publishers which significantly increases availability of unpopular content consists of bundling multiple files in a single swarm.^[23] More sophisticated solutions have also been proposed; generally, these use cross-torrent mechanisms through which multiple torrents can cooperate to better share content.^[24]

Creating and publishing torrents[edit]

The peer distributing a data file treats the file as a number of identically sized pieces, usually with byte sizes of a power of 2, and typically between 32&#;kB and 16&#;MB each. The peer creates a hash for each piece, using the SHA-1 hash function, and records it in the torrent file. Pieces with sizes greater than &#;kB will reduce the size of a torrent file for a very large payload, but is claimed to reduce the efficiency of the protocol.^[25] When another peer later receives a particular piece, the hash of the piece is compared to the recorded hash to test that the piece is error-free.^[1] Peers that provide a complete file are called seeders, and the peer providing the initial copy is called the initial seeder. The exact information contained in the torrent file depends on the version of the BitTorrent protocol.

By convention, the name of a torrent file has the suffix . Torrent files have an "announce" section, which specifies the URL of the tracker, and an "info" section, containing (suggested) names for the files, their lengths, the piece length used, and a SHA-1hash code for each piece, all of which are used by clients to verify the integrity of the data they receive. Though SHA-1 has shown signs of cryptographic weakness, Bram Cohen did not initially consider the risk big enough for a backward incompatible change to, for example, SHA BitTorrent is now preparing to move to SHA

In the early days, torrent files were typically published to torrent index websites, and registered with at least one tracker. The tracker maintained lists of the clients currently connected to the swarm.^[1] Alternatively, in a trackerless system (decentralized tracking) every peer acts as a tracker. Azureus was the first^[26] BitTorrent client to implement such a system through the distributed hash table (DHT) method. An alternative and incompatible DHT system, known as Mainline DHT, was released in the Mainline BitTorrent client three weeks later (though it had been in development since )^[26] and subsequently adopted by the μTorrent, Transmission, rTorrent, KTorrent, BitComet, and Deluge clients.

After the DHT was adopted, a "private" flag&#;– analogous to the broadcast flag&#;– was unofficially introduced, telling clients to restrict the use of decentralized tracking regardless of the user's desires.^[27] The flag is intentionally placed in the info section of the torrent so that it cannot be disabled or removed without changing the identity of the torrent. The purpose of the flag is to prevent torrents from being shared with clients that do not have access to the tracker. The flag was requested for inclusion in the official specification in August , but has not been accepted yet.^[28] Clients that have ignored the private flag were banned by many trackers, discouraging the practice.^[29]

Anonymity[edit]

BitTorrent does not, on its own, offer its users anonymity. One can usually see the IP addresses of all peers in a swarm in one's own client or firewall program. This may expose users with insecure systems to attacks.^[21] In some countries, copyright organizations scrape lists of peers, and send takedown notices to the internet service provider of users participating in the swarms of files that are under copyright. In some jurisdictions, copyright holders may launch lawsuits against uploaders or downloaders for infringement, and police may arrest suspects in such cases.

Various means have been used to promote anonymity. For example, the BitTorrent client Tribler makes available a Tor-like onion network, optionally routing transfers through other peers to obscure which client has requested the data. The exit node would be visible to peers in a swarm, but the Tribler organization provides exit nodes. One advantage of Tribler is that clearnet torrents can be downloaded with only a small decrease in download speed from one "hop" of routing.

i2p provides a similar anonymity layer although in that case, one can only download torrents that have been uploaded to the i2p network.^[30] The bittorrent client Vuze allows users who are not concerned about anonymity to take clearnet torrents, and make them available on the i2p network.^[31]

Most BitTorrent clients are not designed to provide anonymity when used over Tor,^[32] and there is some debate as to whether torrenting over Tor acts as a drag on the network.^[33]

Private torrent trackers are usually invitation only, and require members to participate in uploading, but have the downside of a single centralized point of failure. Oink's Pink Palace and www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com are examples of private trackers which have been shut down.

Seedbox services download the torrent files first to the company's servers, allowing the user to direct download the file from there.^[34][35] One's IP address would be visible to the Seedbox provider, but not to third parties.

Virtual private networks encrypt transfers, and substitute a different IP address for the user's, so that anyone monitoring a torrent swarm will only see that address.

Adoption[edit]

A growing number of individuals and organizations are using BitTorrent to distribute their own or licensed works (e.g. indie bands distributing digital files of their new songs). Independent adopters report that without using BitTorrent technology, and its dramatically reduced demands on their private networking hardware and bandwidth, they could not afford to distribute their files.^[36]

Some uses of BitTorrent for file sharing may violate laws in some jurisdictions (see legal issues section).

Film, video, and music[edit]

• BitTorrent Inc. has obtained a number of licenses from Hollywood studios for distributing popular content from their websites.^{[citation needed]}
• Sub Pop Records releases tracks and videos via BitTorrent Inc.^[37] to distribute its + albums. Babyshambles and The Libertines (both bands associated with Pete Doherty) have extensively used torrents to distribute hundreds of demos and live videos. US industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails frequently distributes albums via BitTorrent.
• Podcasting software is starting to integrate BitTorrent to help podcasters deal with the download demands of their MP3 "radio" programs. Specifically, Juice and Miro (formerly known as Democracy Player) support automatic processing of .torrent files from RSS feeds. Similarly, some BitTorrent clients, such as μTorrent, are able to process web feeds and automatically download content found within them.
• DGM Live purchases are provided via BitTorrent.^[38]
• VODO, a service which distributes "free-to-share" movies and TV shows via BitTorrent.^[39][40][41]

Broadcasters[edit]

Personal works[edit]

• The Amazon S3 "Simple Storage Service" is a scalable Internet-based storage service with a simple web service interface, equipped with built-in BitTorrent support.^[47]

Software[edit]

• Blizzard Entertainment uses BitTorrent (via a proprietary client called the "Blizzard Downloader", associated with the Blizzard "BattleNet" network) to distribute content and patches for Diablo III, StarCraft II and World of Warcraft, including the games themselves.^[48]
• Wargaming uses BitTorrent in their popular titles World of Tanks, World of Warships and World of Warplanes to distribute game updates.^[49]
• CCP Games, maker of the space Simulation MMORPG Eve Online, has announced that a new launcher will be released that is based on BitTorrent.^[50][51]
• Many software games, especially those whose large size makes them difficult to host due to bandwidth limits, extremely frequent downloads, and unpredictable changes in network traffic, will distribute instead a specialized, stripped down bittorrent client with enough functionality to download the game from the other running clients and the primary server (which is maintained in case not enough peers are available).
• Many major open source and free software projects encourage BitTorrent as well as conventional downloads of their products (via HTTP, FTP etc.) to increase availability and to reduce load on their own servers, especially when dealing with larger files.^[52]

Government[edit]

Education[edit]

Others[edit]

As of ^[update], BitTorrent had million users and a greater share of network bandwidth than Netflix and Hulu combined.^[66][67] In early , AT&T estimates that BitTorrent represents 20% of all broadband traffic.^[68]

Routers that use network address translation (NAT) must maintain tables of source and destination IP addresses and ports. Typical home routers are limited to about table entries^{[citation needed]} while some more expensive routers have larger table capacities. BitTorrent frequently contacts 20–30 servers per second, rapidly filling the NAT tables. This is a known cause of some home routers ceasing to work correctly.^[69][70]

Technologies built on BitTorrent[edit]

The BitTorrent protocol is still under development and may therefore still acquire new features and other enhancements such as improved efficiency.

Distributed trackers[edit]

On 2 May , Azureus (now known as Vuze) was released,^[71] introducing support for "trackerless" torrents through a system called the "distributed database." This system is a Distributed hash table implementation which allows the client to use torrents that do not have a working BitTorrent tracker. Instead just bootstrapping server is used (www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com, www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com or www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com^[72][73]). The following month, BitTorrent, Inc. released version of the Mainline BitTorrent client, which supported an alternative DHT implementation (popularly known as "Mainline DHT", outlined in a draft on their website) that is incompatible with that of Azureus. In , measurement showed concurrent users of Mainline DHT to be from 10 million to 25&#;million, with a daily churn of at least 10&#;million.^[74]

Current versions of the official BitTorrent client, μTorrent, BitComet, Transmission and BitSpirit all share compatibility with Mainline DHT. Both DHT implementations are based on Kademlia.^[75] As of version , Azureus also supports Mainline DHT in addition to its own distributed database through use of an optional application plugin.^[76] This potentially allows the Azureus/Vuze client to reach a bigger swarm.

Another idea that has surfaced in Vuze is that of virtual torrents. This idea is based on the distributed tracker approach and is used to describe some web resource. Currently, it is used for instant messaging. It is implemented using a special messaging protocol and requires an appropriate plugin. Anatomic P2P is another approach, which uses a decentralized network of nodes that route traffic to dynamic trackers. Most BitTorrent clients also use Peer exchange (PEX) to gather peers in addition to trackers and DHT. Peer exchange checks with known peers to see if they know of any other peers. With the release of Vuze, all major BitTorrent clients now have compatible peer exchange.

Web seeding[edit]

Web "seeding" was implemented in as the ability of BitTorrent clients to download torrent pieces from an HTTP source in addition to the "swarm". The advantage of this feature is that a website may distribute a torrent for a particular file or batch of files and make those files available for download from that same web server; this can simplify long-term seeding and load balancing through the use of existing, cheap, web hosting setups. In theory, this would make using BitTorrent almost as easy for a web publisher as creating a direct HTTP download. In addition, it would allow the "web seed" to be disabled if the swarm becomes too popular while still allowing the file to be readily available. This feature has two distinct specifications, both of which are supported by Libtorrent and the 26+ clients that use it.

Hash web seeding[edit]

The first was created by John "TheSHAD0W" Hoffman, who created BitTornado.^[77][78] This first specification requires running a web service that serves content by info-hash and piece number, rather than filename.

HTTP web seeding[edit]

The other specification is created by GetRight authors and can rely on a basic HTTP download space (using byte serving).^[79][80]

Other[edit]

In September , a new service named Burnbit was launched which generates a torrent from any URL using webseeding.^[81] There are server-side solutions that provide initial seeding of the file from the web server via standard BitTorrent protocol and when the number of external seeders reach a limit, they stop serving the file from the original source.^[82]

RSS feeds[edit]

A technique called broadcatching combines RSS feeds with the BitTorrent protocol to create a content delivery system, further simplifying and automating content distribution. Steve Gillmor explained the concept in a column for Ziff-Davis in December ^[83] The discussion spread quickly among bloggers (Ernest Miller,^[84]Chris Pirillo, etc.). In an article entitled Broadcatching with BitTorrent, Scott Raymond explained:

I want RSS feeds of BitTorrent files. A script would periodically check the feed for new items, and use them to start the download. Then, I could find a trusted publisher of an Alias RSS feed, and "subscribe" to all new episodes of the show, which would then start downloading automatically&#;– like the "season pass" feature of the TiVo.

The RSS feed will track the content, while BitTorrent ensures content integrity with cryptographichashing of all data, so feed subscribers will receive uncorrupted content. One of the first and popular software clients (free and open source) for broadcatching is Miro. Other free software clients such as PenguinTV and KatchTV are also now supporting broadcatching. The BitTorrent web-service MoveDigital added the ability to make torrents available to any web application capable of parsing XML through its standard REST-based interface in ,^[86] though this has since been discontinued. Additionally, Torrenthut is developing a similar torrent API that will provide the same features, and help bring the torrent community to Web standards. Alongside this release is a first PHP application built using the API called PEP, which will parse any Really Simple Syndication (RSS ) feed and automatically create and seed a torrent for each enclosure found in that feed.^[87]

Throttling and encryption[edit]

Since BitTorrent makes up a large proportion of total traffic, some ISPs have chosen to "throttle" (slow down) BitTorrent transfers. For this reason, methods have been developed to disguise BitTorrent traffic in an attempt to thwart these efforts.^[88] Protocol header encrypt (PHE) and Message stream encryption/Protocol encryption (MSE/PE) are features of some BitTorrent clients that attempt to make BitTorrent hard to detect and throttle. As of November , Vuze, Bitcomet, KTorrent, Transmission, Deluge, μTorrent, MooPolice, Halite, qBittorrent, rTorrent, and the latest official BitTorrent client (v6) support MSE/PE encryption.

In August , Comcast was preventing BitTorrent seeding by monitoring and interfering with the communication between peers. Protection against these efforts is provided by proxying the client-tracker traffic via an encrypted tunnel to a point outside of the Comcast network.^[89] In , Comcast called a "truce" with BitTorrent, Inc. with the intention of shaping traffic in a protocol-agnostic manner.^[90] Questions about the ethics and legality of Comcast's behavior have led to renewed debate about net neutrality in the United States.^[91] In general, although encryption can make it difficult to determine what is being shared, BitTorrent is vulnerable to traffic analysis. Thus, even with MSE/PE, it may be possible for an ISP to recognize BitTorrent and also to determine that a system is no longer downloading but only uploading data, and terminate its connection by injecting TCP RST (reset flag) packets.

Multitracker[edit]

Another unofficial feature is an extension to the BitTorrent metadata format proposed by John Hoffman^[92] and implemented by several indexing websites. It allows the use of multiple trackers per file, so if one tracker fails, others can continue to support file transfer. It is implemented in several clients, such as BitComet, BitTornado, BitTorrent, KTorrent, Transmission, Deluge, μTorrent, rtorrent, Vuze, and Frostwire. Trackers are placed in groups, or tiers, with a tracker randomly chosen from the top tier and tried, moving to the next tier if all the trackers in the top tier fail.

Torrents with multiple trackers can decrease the time it takes to download a file, but also have a few consequences:

• Poorly implemented^[93] clients may contact multiple trackers, leading to more overhead-traffic.
• Torrents from closed trackers suddenly become downloadable by non-members, as they can connect to a seed via an open tracker.

Implementations[edit]

The BitTorrent specification is free to use and many clients are open source, so BitTorrent clients have been created for all common operating systems using a variety of programming languages. The official BitTorrent client, μTorrent, qBittorrent, Transmission, Vuze, and BitComet are some of the most popular clients.^{[94][95][96][97]}

Some BitTorrent implementations such as MLDonkey and Torrentflux are designed to run as servers. For example, this can be used to centralize file sharing on a single dedicated server which users share access to on the network.^[98] Server-oriented BitTorrent implementations can also be hosted by hosting providers at co-located facilities with high bandwidth Internet connectivity (e.g., a datacenter) which can provide dramatic speed benefits over using BitTorrent from a regular home broadband connection. Services such as ImageShack can download files on BitTorrent for the user, allowing them to download the entire file by HTTP once it is finished.

The Operaweb browser supports BitTorrent,^[99] as does Wyzo. BitLet allows users to download Torrents directly from their browser using a Java applet. An increasing number of hardware devices are being made to support BitTorrent. These include routers and NAS devices containing BitTorrent-capable firmware like OpenWrt. Proprietary versions of the protocol which implement DRM, encryption, and authentication are found within managed clients such as Pando.

Development[edit]

An unimplemented (as of February&#;^[update]) unofficial feature is Similarity Enhanced Transfer (SET), a technique for improving the speed at which peer-to-peer file sharing and content distribution systems can share data. SET, proposed by researchers Pucha, Andersen, and Kaminsky, works by spotting chunks of identical data in files that are an exact or near match to the one needed and transferring these data to the client if the "exact" data are not present. Their experiments suggested that SET will help greatly with less popular files, but not as much for popular data, where many peers are already downloading it.^[] Andersen believes that this technique could be immediately used by developers with the BitTorrent file sharing system.^[]

As of December&#;^[update], BitTorrent, Inc. is working with Oversi on new Policy Discover Protocols that query the ISP for capabilities and network architecture information. Oversi's ISP hosted NetEnhancer box is designed to "improve peer selection" by helping peers find local nodes, improving download speeds while reducing the loads into and out of the ISP's network.^[]

Legal issues[edit]

Although the protocol itself is legal,^[] problems stem from using the protocol to traffic copyright infringing works, since BitTorrent is often used to download otherwise paid content, such as movies and videogames. There has been much controversy over the use of BitTorrent trackers. BitTorrent metafiles themselves do not store file contents. Whether the publishers of BitTorrent metafiles violate copyrights by linking to copyrighted works without the authorization of copyright holders is controversial. Various jurisdictions have pursued legal action against websites that host BitTorrent trackers.

High-profile examples include the closing of www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com, TorrentSpy, LokiTorrent, BTJunkie, Mininova, Oink's Pink Palace and www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com The Pirate Bay torrent website, formed by a Swedish group, is noted for the "legal" section of its website in which letters and replies on the subject of alleged copyright infringements are publicly displayed. On 31 May , The Pirate Bay's servers in Sweden were raided by Swedish police on allegations by the MPAA of copyright infringement;^[] however, the tracker was up and running again three days later. In the study used to value NBC Universal in its merger with Comcast, Envisional examined the 10, torrent swarms managed by PublicBT which had the most active downloaders. After excluding pornographic and unidentifiable content, it was found that only one swarm offered legitimate content.^[]

In the United States, more than , lawsuits have been filed for copyright infringement on BitTorrent since ^[] On 30 April , the UK High Court ordered five ISPs to block BitTorrent search engine The Pirate Bay.^[] (see List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom)

Security problems[edit]

One concern is the UDP flood attack. BitTorrent implementations often use μTP for their communication. To achieve high bandwidths, the underlying protocol used is UDP, which allows spoofing of source addresses of internet traffic. It has been possible to carry out Denial-of-service attacks in a P2P lab environment, where users running BitTorrent clients act as amplifiers for an attack at another service.^[] However this is not always an effective attack because ISPs can check if the source address is correct.

Challenges[edit]

"Leeches", are those users who download more than they share. As BitTorrent is a collaborative distributed platform, there is a section of the community that wants solutions to punish and discourage such behaviour.^[]

Malware[edit]

Several studies on BitTorrent have indicated that there exist files, containing malware, available for download via BitTorrent. In particular, one small sample^[] indicated that 18% of all executable programs available for download contained malware. Another study^[] claims that as much as % of BitTorrent downloads contain zero-day malware, and that BitTorrent was used as the distribution mechanism for 47% of all zero-day malware they have found.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com 2 Download torrent Full Game for PC: Hello guys, today we share very popular game for PC. The game name is Diablo 2 download full game free no cd for PC. You can download from here without having any problem or issue.

You can also be called hack and slash game. This is a best action role-playing game for PC. The game is a storyline chapter video game. Here we share single click to download the setup file. So, Diablo PC game series is very famous for PC game. The game is released for Windows and MAC operating system.

So, if you have any operating system to both then you will able to play on your PC. So, Diablo 2 download for PC free full version. Son, enjoy with Diablo 2 free download. Full game free no cd for PC from below download section.

The game was developed by Blizzard North and Published by Blizzard Entertainment. This is worldwide released on July 26, , for Microsoft Windows and MAC OS. We share a Free download link for the Windows Operating system. So, if you have windows OS PC then you can able to play on your computer. In this game, every act follows the predetermined path. This game is a very good Axon game. Many people have downloaded and have played today. Graphics and location are very good in this game.

The sound effect is very good in this game. So, Diablo 2 PC Torrent download full game free for Windows no CD from here. So, find out a download link and enjoy. AndMany series games are available in this game but if you have to download the game in Real, then it is located in the correct place. Diablo 2 Free download for PC full version from here. The game is to shoot open world environment So, you will see an amazing color full screen. You will be happy to play.

Diablo 2 PC game is available for many languages like English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Polish and more. I hope you like this best action game. If you want to download that then download Diablo 2 game for PC from below link. Diablo 2 Download For PC Features of Diablo 2 Torrent PC gameNow, we share some existing features of this game.

The game provides a lot of amazing and cool features but we write some best features. Let’s Go. This is the best action role-playing video game. Free to download and install on your computer. No error and no virus. Graphics and visual is cool. Open world environment shoot.

It required minimum system requirement. The sound effect is stunning. It provides many weapons. It allows to play multiplayer modes So, you can play the game with your friends. Hack and slash video game. And much more features available. Diablo 2 PC Torrent Diablo 2 Download Full Game Free For PC From TorrentNow I share the download link of this game from which you will be able to download in free and install without any problem in your computer.

This is an action role-playing and hack & slash video game. I hope you like this game. If you have any problem downloading the comment box below is available in your Please tell us by writing a problem and telling us. So, Diablo 2 Download for PC free full game from below link. If you have any question then ask me in a comment box. So, download and enjoy.

Diablo 2 Free DownloadDiablo 2 Free Download: is an action packed, hack and slash role playing fighting pc game. Blizzard Games developed Diablo 2 Torrent. Meanwhile, Diablo 2 Game Download For Pc is published worldwide by Blizzard Entertainment. Its dark fantasy and horror themes game which is designed by David Brevik and Eric Schaefer.

Play Diablo 2 Full Game

In addition, It is the direct sequel to earlier released game Diablo which was one of the most popular game at the time. The Game Download Diablo 2 Free For Pc also feature both single player as well as the multiplayer gameplay options. Download Diablo II Free Full Highly Compressed Pc Game. Diablo 2 Pc Download Release DateDiablo 2 Free Game Download For Pc released in North America on 29 June and in Europe on 30 June as Diablo 2 Pc for Microsoft Windows Version. The Diablo 2 Game Classic Mac OS version released on 26 July worldwide. A Diablo 2 Mac OS version released on 11 March

Diablo 2 Free Pc GameplayStory line of Diablo 2 Torrent progresses through four Acts. Each act in Diablo 2 Free Download PCfollows a predetermined path. The wilderness area and dungeons between key cities randomly generated. Within each Act the player progresses through the story with completing a series of quests. Diablo 2 Free Pc Game Download also features optional side dungeons for monsters and experience. Act i is Rogue Encampment a simple palisade fort. Act ii from Ancient Egypt Deserts and Tombs Lut Gholein middle eastern city place during the Crusades.

And Act iii is based on Central American jungles. While Act IV take place in Hell with just three quests but other Acts have six quests.

Act V The Lord Of Destruction adds the fifth character and story starts where the Act Iv left www.spearpointsecuritygroup.com are three difficulty levels to the Acts in Diablo 2 Pc Torrent Download. Normal, Nightmare and Hell. If the players choose the higher difficulties level they may face higher difficulties monster and may create more damage but the rewarded items after these higher difficulties the player awarded more better items. Players can choose low difficulty levels at any time. Diablo 2 Free Download Game For Pc features an Item System which generate many equipment to the players. Weapons and armors divided into many categories. Normal, magical, set, rare and unique qualities featured in the Diablo II Download.

Item Crafting system named Horadric Cube also included in Diablo 2 Pc Highly Compressed Game. It allow the players to combine two or more items to create a new one.

Diablo 2 Pc Game Download Full Version Compressed

Diablo 2 Download Character ClassedThere are five character classes featured in Diablo 2 Pc Game Free Download Full Version. These are The Amazon, The Necromancer, The Barbarian, The Sorceress and The Paladin. Two additional character classes added in expansion, The Druid and The Assassins. Diablo 2 Pc Game ReceptionDiablo 2 Free Download Pc Game generally received positive reviews from the critics. GameRankings awarded it 89% and on Metacritic Diablo II Pc Torrent Download get 89/ points. IGN awarded Diablo II Free Download /10 points.

Diablo 2 Download Pc sale reached One million copies in two weeks of its release. Till June Diablo II Download Free Pc sold four million copies worldwide. Diablo II Pc System Requirements. OS Windows , 95, 98 Or NT Service Pack. CPU Intel Pentium 4 @ GHz Or AMD Athlon MP.

RAM MB RAM Required. Graphics AMD Radeon Xpress Series Or NVIDIA GeForce FX Free Disk 1 GB Free Hard Disk Space RequiredMore Pc Games Free Download:Diablo 2 Torrent.

Diablo 2 Download Full Game Diablo. The clever guys at Blizzard created a game with a whole new feel. the second part of the popular game Diablo. Collectors Edition includes soundtrack + exclusive weapons and artifacts. Ocr ABBYY FineReader New Version Download Free The Story Line Of Diablo 2 Awesome Patch.

The game was released as a three- parts like Diablo III. ly 1jLqsF You need bittorrent or a torrent software to download this game. Download and unzip release *. It was developed by Blizzard North and. Diablo 2 Download. action RPG that is played from an isometric and oblique top- down perspective. It has been one of the greatest games of all the times. North American release.

you can watch Video Tutorial at the bottom of site. but that’ ita s not really the case with Diablo II. It was a long time ago. This video shows you how to download and install Diablogame. The game diablo 2 download ita torrent Diablo 2 diablo 2 download ita torrent Download is based on the horror game. Download Diablo II. Do not use this patch if you have Diablo II.

including two new playable classes diablo 2 download ita torrent - - the shapeshifting Druid and the cunning Assassin. This is the latest official patch for Diablo diablo 2 download ita torrent II. David Brock made Diablo 1 in.

le forze del bene e del male lottano in un& 39; eterna battaglia per il. an action game that almost fooled you into thinking it was a diablo role- playing adventure. Lord of Destruction. Diablo 2 Download Free Download Diablo 2 Game. face fiendish new monsters. - Adds completely diablo 2 download ita torrent new spells. replaced by a Dark Wanderer who roams the world of Sanctuary leaving death and destruction in his wake.

14d Patch SepPatch 2 comments. The diablo 2 download ita torrent game published by Blizzard Entertainment. diablo 13c 1 link torrent Link http diablo 2 download ita torrent adf. by the way if you still need diablo 2 download ita torrent help. Full Version Pc Game Setup Crack.

This game developed by the Blizzard North. Diablo Free Download. Diablo 2 Torrent Download Information Game Information. Rise of the Necromancer and Diablo III. Eternal Collection. download it now ita and get diablo 2 download ita torrent the updated game until last version. Diablo II is an action role- playing hack and slash video game with dark fantasy and horror themes.

the lord diablo 2 download ita torrent of terror. It’ s related to the lifelong relationship with Reddit diablo3. Scanner Internet Archive Python library 1. This game is an action role- playing and diablo 2 download ita torrent hacks and slash video game.

Googledrive and torrent. net is a website where can start multiplayer mode game. Dalla notte dei tempi.

there is the need to describe the storyline. They released a new version in. the game feels more like Diablo 2 and kinda loses the dark setting for me. Con Diablo 2 tornerai a vivere l& 39; eterna lotta tra le forze del bene e del male. you can click on the below download button and get the full pc game. Explore the snowy homeland of the Barbarians. diablo 2 download ita torrent Lord of Destruction - game diablo 2 download ita torrent update v. Ultimate Evil Edition.

file type Game update. Diablo 2 has some outstanding records; it has received many awards such as the ‘ Computer Role Game of the Year’ diablo 2 download ita torrent in. Diablo 2 Awesome Torrent is a game with two kinds of modes. Diablo II was at its peak in. Multiplayer GOG PC Game Latest With All Updates And DLCs For Mac OS X DMG In ita Parts Worldofpcgames Android APK. sends the gamer to a fantasy world that urgently requires protection from monsters. If you want to torrent link then.

Diablo 2 Free Download Pc Game Full diablo 2 download ita torrent Torrent Version. The game name is Diablo 2 Game download for PC. but isn& 39; t based on any other mod. - Significantly rebalances the game.

Download Diablo 2 from below part of the post. Download Diablo 2 torrent for free. Diablo II é quatro vezes maior do que o original. We collected also secret PC DIABLO 3 version. This download also includes the Lord of Destruction expansion pack. This version is based on a legit digital copy of Diablo III. In the time since it was released a full year ago. Diablo 2 - A bright role- playing action movie.

was defeated below the church of Tristram by a courageous hero. Diablo 2 has a single- payer as well as a Multi- player campaign. Diablo 2 Download For PC. The expansion to Diablo II adds a host of new features to the game.

and the multiplayer mode. Complete Edition is now easier with this page. Evolution to Diablo 2’ s. diablo 2 download ita torrent 7 Shares Share Tweet Share Share Email Comments Most expansion packs are released when the core game’ s popularity is beginning to wane. Do not ask for crack. hordas de inimigos. has fallen to a brave hero beneath the church of Tristram in diablo 2 free download. welcome to your website.

Now that hero is gone. I consider this overhaul the worse version to play. you know even Diablo 3 putting like 3. when the town of Tristram fell and diablo 2 download ita torrent was subsequently cleansed in an epic isometric dungeon romp known as Diablo. Overview Diablo II. below button diablo 2 download ita torrent is a Diablo 2 torrent download link of PC game free full version so. you can download the highly compressed free pc video game whose name is Diablo 2. itens e muito mais.

in that same year. Diablo 2 Full game + Lord of destruction v1. early to be more exact. This game published for Microsoft Windows. 14d - Download Game update. Diablo II Free Download. We successfully hacked and collected all DIABLO 3 Source Codes Files. Diablo 2 Free Download is a game that has an action diablo 2 download ita torrent role- playing video game.

ita diablo One of the crucial of game success is keeping stuck with dark themes from its old version and the second diablo factor was free online service through battle. Get free Diablo 3 torrent download at torrent- gamez. where you have the official version of servers Elamigos like Uploaded. We encoded some hidden codes and we got DIABLO 3 for PC. plaza is an excellent and exciting video game developed by Blizzard North and released by diablo 2 download ita torrent Blizzard Entertainment on Decem. Diablo had a decisive commercial success at Blizzard Entertainment and continued to be one of its best- selling games in the. Download Diablo 2 Torrent Game for free.

De lá você viajar através de desertos e selvas para derrotar os demônios Mephisto e Baal até que você enfrentar Diablo. as it has a separate patch. Blizzard Entertainment; Series Name.

hours into that game Diablo 2 more so this is a pleasure for me to come. You can find a lot of Torrents Games. to get DIABLO 3 we crated for you DIABLO 3 Downloader and Cracker. and arm yourself with thousands of new weapons. the best horror game ever produced. added ita on Thursday. Makes the game easier. Diablo 2 is a great and perhaps the diablo 2 download ita torrent best hack- and- slash dungeon roaming game to ever exist.

the single- player diablo 2 download ita torrent mode. the Lord of Terror. Diablo II has proven to have a very enduring appeal. continuing the ita events of this dark fantasy. it received the award for ‘ Game of the Year’ and ‘ Computer Game of the Year. diablo 2 download ita torrent It introduced me to computer games growing up. exe and install the game 3. It& 39; s a rewrite for original Diablo 1.

Diablo 2 is an upgraded version of the Diablo that was diablo 2 download ita torrent released in the 90s’. bem como toneladas a mais armas. and magical items diablo 2 download ita torrent in the fight against the last of the Prime. AddeddateIdentifier Diablo diablo II Lord of Destruction Expansion.

efeitos climáticos. download torrent which you have the opportunity on our online portal. get start diablo with Utorrent software. I ever played it. Direct Link- - - Diablo 2 Awesome Crack With Torrent.

Scarica Diablo 2 e divertiti con l& 39; azione infinita di questo gioco di ruolo. Diablo 2 is a dark. There are four chapters or Acts. All the Newest Games Torrents you can get them entirely free.

Download free Diablo 1 Game is the very first PC game. Lord of Destruction installed. inclui cinco classes de diablo 2 download ita torrent personagens. Diablo 3 PC game is available for all platforms but here you will get the torrent download link only for windows operating system. The game takes on. click on the torrent button and experience it. - Download Diablo 2 gratis.

It wont diablo 2 download ita torrent be here until the first working server emulator. além do apoio de gráficos 3D. It’ s diablo 2 download ita torrent really easy to use. today I want to share a very popular game that diablo 2 download ita torrent many people have downloaded and have also provided good reviews.

Blizzard North; The publisher is. To understand this game properly.